Cover the full swim-bike-run effort, with a bike plan you tolerate before running.
Fuel · Fluid · Recovery
BeforePrepare your fuel
DuringUse your practiced plan
AfterRefuel and recover
Evidence → explanation → your plan
The science behind your choices
Established role
Carbohydrate supplies usable fuel
During prolonged exercise, carbohydrate intake helps maintain blood glucose and carbohydrate use. Gels, chews, maple syrup, and drink mixes are delivery formats. The serving and tolerated intake matter more than the format alone.
Glucose-type carbohydrate and fructose use different intestinal transport pathways. Blends help support higher carbohydrate intakes in prolonged exercise. Higher numbers still need a trained, comfortable gut.
Rehearse breakfast, the gap to swim start, and any small pre-start intake. Check the course drink and carry enough fuel if you plan to use your own products.
For roughly 1–2.5 hours, use the established 30–60 g carbohydrate per hour range. Longer races need an individual plan and practice toward higher amounts if appropriate. Place much of your intake on the bike while keeping the run supplied. Avoid trying to make up the entire swim gap at once.
A worked plan
For an illustrative 2.5-hour race with a 30-minute swim, 75-minute bike, and 45-minute run, take three 25 g gels spaced across the bike and one early in the run. Four gels provide 100 g total, averaging 40 g per hour across the full race. Timing must fit your course and gut tolerance.
After the finish
Include carbohydrate, protein, and fluid, particularly when travel delays your next meal. See recovery nutrition.
What to rehearse
Use a race-like bike followed by a run. Check the concentration in bottles and how much you actually finish.